Which evidence best supports the historical claim that the East-West Schism did not begin in 1054 CE, but that mutual excommunication was part of an already growing division?
(1 point)
a. Crusaders from Western Europe looted and sacked the city of Constantinople in 1204 CE
b. The decreasing power of the pope following the end of the Western Roman Empire in
476 CE conflicted with the rise of Byzantine power in the East
c. The Roman Catholic Church affirmed the ideas of papal supremacy at the First Vatican Council in 1870 CE
d. The Byzantine Empire rose as a major economic and political power in the western
Mediterranean region while Western Europe became more isolated