The ocean's ecosystem was perfect right before there were oil rigs in the ocean. An oil rig is a platform structure with facilities to extract and process petroleum and natural gas from the ocean.The main purpose of oil rigs is used in the search for natural gas and crude oil in order to sink bore holes under the ocean to extract minerals.
There are many factors against the building's structures, such as: Equipment, the weather, blowouts, damaged cable wires, explosions, and oil rig fires. If an oil rig had an explosion or a fire,it would go to the ocean and could harm the ocean's ecosystem, including marine animals such as fish, coral reefs and algae.
Some of the causes for an oil spill are:
people working on the oil rig, making mistakes or being careless.
equipment in the plant, breaking down.
natural disasters such as hurricanes, storm surge or high winds can destroy the oil plant.
The negative effects of how oil spills destroy the oceans ecosystem is by releasing toxins from the oil. One of the toxins is called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This toxin affects the ocean by attacking marine animals such as birds, sea turtles, fish, and other mammals, and even humans eyes, liver, and kidney.
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Oil spills make seafood unsafe to eat because the oil's toxins intoxicate sea life. If there was an explosion at the oil rig, burning oil at sea causes a lot of smoke. Burning oil on water generates a large amount of smoke, which contains particles and toxic gasses, the type of gasses that are being produced is benzene, butane, and methane. This kills all marine animals in the area.
If an oil rig explodes and oil burns in the ocean there will be an environmental change in the ocean's ecosystem. The temperature of the water will increase, sea level will rise, and there will be acidification around the area. The light and oxygen availability will be limited and the animals will have difficulties living their natural lives.
When Emergency Response Workers clean up oil spills, they use 3 tactics: Dispersion, Burning, and Skimming. For the first tactic they use a chemical called dispersion,this removes oil from the water by transforming the oil into tiny droplets. The second tactic is to have a controlled fire to burn the oil spills. To prevent the fire from spreading they add a barrier made out of plastic or metal called a boom. For the final tactic, they use a technique called skimming which is basically an assist of booms, it removes the thin layers of oil from the top of the area.
If there is an oil spill on the shoreline the Emergency Response Workers will go straight to it, there are 8 techniques that they have to follow.
The first technique is to rinse all oil from the shoreline into the water so it can be obtained easily.
The second step is to add booms, booms are barriers to shorten the spread of oil.
The third technique is to use vacuum trucks, vacuum trucks can suck in oil from the shoreline or on the water.
The fourth technique is to add Sorbents, they act like a sponge, but instead of absorbing water, it absorbs oil.
The fifth technique is to use Shoreline Cleaners and Biodegradation Agents are chemical cleaners that acts like soap that are used to remove oils, Nutrients are also added to break down the oil.
The sixth technique is to burn the oil, oil that is spilt in the water can be burned while it's floating on the surface.
The seventh technique is Manual Removal, crew members have to manually pick up the oil in shorelines with shovels and other hand tools that can be used to pick up oil.
The final technique is Mechanical removal, this is where you have access to heavy machinery.
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