Name four principles of kinetic friction
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The principles of kinetic friction can be derived from the more general laws of friction. Here are the four principles:
1. The magnitude of kinetic friction is directly proportional to the normal force acting between the objects in contact.
To determine the magnitude of kinetic friction, you need to know the value of the normal force. The normal force is the force exerted by a surface to support the weight of an object resting on it. For example, if two objects are in contact on a flat surface, the normal force is equal to the weight of the object pressing against the surface.
2. The kinetic friction force is independent of the apparent area of contact.
The area of contact between two objects does not affect the magnitude of kinetic friction. Even if the objects have a larger or smaller contact area, the force of kinetic friction remains the same.
3. The kinetic friction force always opposes the direction of motion.
When two objects are in motion relative to each other, the force of kinetic friction acts in the opposite direction to their relative motion. This is often described as the friction force "dragging" against the movement.
4. The magnitude of kinetic friction is related to the coefficient of kinetic friction.
The coefficient of kinetic friction, denoted as μk, is a value assigned to different materials describing their relative resistance to sliding against each other. The equation to determine the magnitude of kinetic friction is Fk = μk * N, where Fk is the force of kinetic friction, μk is the coefficient of kinetic friction, and N is the normal force.
To calculate the magnitude of kinetic friction, you need to know the normal force (determined by the weight or other relevant forces) and the coefficient of kinetic friction for the materials in contact.