Discuss the background history of special education why do people have negative attitude towards persons with disabilities. 3 pages and 5 reference
Background History of Special Education
Special education has a long and complex history that has evolved over the years to address the needs of individuals with disabilities. In the early 19th century, individuals with disabilities were often marginalized and excluded from society. It was not until the mid-20th century that the United States began to implement legislation and programs to provide education and support for individuals with disabilities.
One of the key milestones in the history of special education was the passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) in 1975, which mandated that all children with disabilities have access to a free and appropriate public education. This legislation was later reauthorized as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 1990 and has since been amended to further protect the rights of individuals with disabilities.
The evolution of special education has also been influenced by various court cases, such as Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, which ruled that segregation of students based on race was unconstitutional. This landmark case set a precedent for the inclusion of students with disabilities in mainstream education settings.
Despite these advancements, individuals with disabilities continue to face challenges and barriers in society, including negative attitudes and stereotypes.
Negative Attitudes Towards Persons with Disabilities
There are several reasons why people may hold negative attitudes towards individuals with disabilities. One of the main reasons is a lack of understanding and awareness about disabilities. Many people may have misconceptions or stereotypes about individuals with disabilities, leading to stigmatization and discrimination.
Societal attitudes towards individuals with disabilities have also been influenced by historical beliefs and practices. In the past, individuals with disabilities were often viewed as inferior or incapable of participating fully in society. This mindset has been perpetuated over time and continues to contribute to negative attitudes towards individuals with disabilities.
Another factor that may contribute to negative attitudes towards individuals with disabilities is fear or discomfort. People may feel uneasy or unsure about how to interact with individuals with disabilities, leading to avoidance or exclusion.
Furthermore, media and popular culture have played a role in shaping perceptions of individuals with disabilities. Portrayals of disability in the media are often limited and stereotypical, reinforcing negative attitudes and perpetuating misconceptions.
In conclusion, the history of special education has evolved to provide support and resources for individuals with disabilities. However, negative attitudes towards individuals with disabilities continue to persist due to a lack of understanding, historical beliefs, fear, and media portrayals. It is important for society to challenge these attitudes and promote inclusivity and equality for individuals with disabilities. By addressing these negative attitudes, we can create a more inclusive and accepting society for all.
References:
1. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), https://sites.ed.gov/idea/
2. Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA), https://www.congress.gov/bill/94th-congress/house-bill/7060
3. Brown v. Board of Education, https://www.oyez.org/cases/1940-1960/347us483
4. Wright, B. A. (2011). Special education law. Sage Publications.
5. Gabel, S. L. (2018). Disability studies in education: A critical exploration of the relationship between disability, education, and schooling. Springer.