Discuss the background history of special education why do people have negative attitude towards persons with disabilities. 3 pages and 1 reference
Special education has a long and complex history, with the earliest forms of specialized education for individuals with disabilities dating back to the 18th century. Prior to the establishment of public schools, individuals with disabilities were often cared for by their families or communities, and rarely received any formal education or specialized services. However, as the idea of educating all children, regardless of their abilities or disabilities, gained momentum in the 19th century, the need for specialized services for individuals with disabilities became more apparent.
One of the key figures in the history of special education is Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard, a French physician and educator who worked with a boy known as Victor, who was found living in the wilderness and appeared to have intellectual disabilities. Itard's work with Victor highlighted the potential for individuals with disabilities to learn and develop with appropriate support and intervention.
In the United States, the history of special education is closely tied to the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which sought to eliminate discrimination and ensure equal access to education for all individuals. The passage of laws such as the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) in 1975, now known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), mandated that all children with disabilities have access to a free and appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment.
Despite the progress made in the field of special education, there continues to be negative attitudes and stereotypes towards individuals with disabilities. These negative attitudes can manifest in various forms, including pity, stereotypes, discrimination, and lack of understanding or awareness. Some of the reasons for these negative attitudes may include:
1. Lack of awareness and understanding: Many people may not have personal experience or knowledge of individuals with disabilities, leading to misunderstandings and misconceptions about their abilities and potential. This lack of awareness can contribute to negative attitudes and stereotypes towards individuals with disabilities.
2. Fear and discomfort: Some individuals may feel uncomfortable or fearful around individuals with disabilities, leading to avoidance or stigmatization. This fear and discomfort can be fueled by societal attitudes and beliefs that individuals with disabilities are somehow different or less capable than others.
3. Historical stigma and discrimination: Throughout history, individuals with disabilities have often been marginalized, stigmatized, and excluded from society. This long history of discrimination and negative treatment can contribute to the perpetuation of negative attitudes towards individuals with disabilities.
In order to address and combat negative attitudes towards individuals with disabilities, it is crucial to promote awareness, understanding, and inclusion. Education and advocacy efforts can help to challenge stereotypes, promote acceptance, and create a more inclusive society for individuals with disabilities. By recognizing the value and potential of all individuals, regardless of their abilities or disabilities, we can work towards a more equitable and inclusive society for all.
Reference:
Hallahan, D. P., Kauffman, J. M., & Pullen, P. C. (2015). Exceptional learners: An introduction to special education. Pearson.