Greek scholars, such as Aristotle and Archimedes, laid the foundation for scientific inquiry through their theories on natural philosophy. Jewish scholars, like Maimonides, integrated Greek philosophy with Jewish theology, influencing the development of science in the Middle Ages. Muslim scholars, including Ibn al-Haytham and Al-Khwarizmi, preserved and expanded upon Greek knowledge, as well as made significant contributions in the fields of mathematics, optics, and astronomy. Renaissance scholars, such as Galileo, Copernicus, and Leonardo da Vinci, challenged traditional beliefs and laid the groundwork for modern science through their observations, experiments, and discoveries.
