Fascism was a totalitarian political ideology characterized by authoritarian rule, nationalism, and the suppression of opposition. It emerged in the early 20th century in Italy under Benito Mussolini and later in Germany under Adolf Hitler, gaining support by exploiting economic and social discontent, promoting militarism, and scapegoating minority groups. The rise of fascism was fueled by a desire for strong leadership, a rejection of liberal democracy, and a belief in the superiority of one's nation or race.
