Discuss the main principles of Behavourist, Socio-cultural, and Innatist
perspectives on language acquisition.
Behaviorist perspective on language acquisition:
- Behaviorists believe that language is acquired through imitation, reinforcement, and conditioning. They argue that children learn language by copying the speech and behavior of others, and being rewarded for using correct language.
- According to behaviorists, language development can be explained in terms of observable behaviors, such as speaking and listening.
- Behaviorists emphasize the role of repetition and practice in language acquisition, as well as the importance of environmental factors in shaping language development.
Socio-cultural perspective on language acquisition:
- Sociocultural theorists, such as Lev Vygotsky, emphasize the role of social interactions and cultural contexts in language acquisition. They argue that language development is a collaborative process that occurs through interactions with others.
- According to socio-cultural perspective, children learn language by engaging in conversations with more knowledgeable others, such as parents, teachers, and peers. They also learn language by participating in cultural practices and activities.
- Sociocultural theorists highlight the importance of language as a tool for communication and for mediating cognitive processes. They believe that language acquisition is influenced by cultural norms, values, and beliefs.
Innatist perspective on language acquisition:
- Innatists, such as Noam Chomsky, argue that language acquisition is largely innate and biologically determined. They believe that children are born with a universal grammar that enables them to learn language quickly and efficiently.
- According to innatists, children have an innate capacity for language acquisition, which allows them to learn grammar rules and structures without explicit instruction.
- Innatists emphasize the role of the brain and genetics in language development, and argue that language acquisition is a natural, instinctive process.
Overall, these three perspectives offer different explanations for how language is acquired, highlighting the influence of behavior, social interactions, and biology in shaping language development.