Lichens are essential to establishing a new ecosystem after an extreme disturbance because they are one of the first organisms to colonize barren areas and begin the process of soil formation. Through their symbiotic relationship with fungi and algae, lichens can extract nutrients from rock and produce organic matter, laying the foundation for more complex plant and animal life to thrive. Lichens also help to stabilize soil, prevent erosion, and provide habitat for other organisms. Without lichens, the process of ecological succession may be slowed or disrupted, hindering the establishment of a diverse and balanced ecosystem.
