In three to five sentences, construct an argument that shows why lichens are necessary to establish a new ecosystem after an extreme disturbance.(4 points)
Lichens are necessary to establish a new ecosystem after an extreme disturbance because they are the first organisms to colonize barren areas. They can grow on bare rocks and soil, and their ability to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere helps to enrich the soil. Lichens also provide a food source for herbivores, which in turn support the growth of other organisms in the ecosystem. Additionally, lichens are sensitive to environmental changes, making them useful indicators of ecosystem health.
