The treatment of different religions by rulers of the Arab empire varied depending on the time period and the ruler in power. Some rulers, such as the Umayyad Caliphs, allowed religious minorities like Christians and Jews to practice their faiths as long as they paid a special tax. However, other rulers, like the Abbasid Caliphs, were more tolerant and allowed religious freedom for all faiths. Overall, while there were instances of discrimination and persecution against non-Muslims, there were also periods of relative tolerance and coexistence within the Arab empire.
