how did the location of the ancient cities of harappa and mohenjo-daro contribute to their development
The location of the ancient cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro played a significant role in their development. Here are a few ways in which their location contributed to their growth:
1. Strategic Position: Both Harappa and Mohenjo-daro were situated along the Indus River, which provided a constant water source for irrigation, drinking, and daily usage. This allowed the cities to develop a flourishing agricultural system, enabling surplus food production. The availability of water also facilitated trade and transportation, as boats could easily navigate the river.
2. Fertile Alluvial Soil: The cities were located in the fertile alluvial plains of the Indus River. This fertile soil was ideal for agriculture, encouraging people to settle in these areas and engage in farming. The cultivation of crops like wheat, barley, and cotton was made easier due to the fertility of the land, thus leading to a prosperous agrarian society.
3. Trade Hub: The cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro were strategically located between the resource-rich regions of Baluchistan and Sindh, as well as the Arabian Sea. This positioning made them significant trade centers, attracting merchants from various regions. The cities benefited from trade in goods like gold, silver, copper, precious stones, and marine resources, contributing to their economic growth.
4. Defense: The location of the cities also played a role in their defense. Situated on raised mounds, the cities were protected from floods and enemies. They were fortified with thick walls made of mud bricks and had limited entrances, making it difficult for invaders to conquer the cities easily. This allowed for the growth of stable and secure societies.
5. Cultural Exchange: The strategic location of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro made them melting pots for various cultures and civilizations. The cities acted as hubs for the exchange of ideas, arts, technologies, and traditions between different communities. This cultural diversity and interaction contributed to the intellectual and artistic development of the cities.
Overall, the location of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro allowed for a robust agricultural system, facilitated trade, provided defense, and acted as centers of cultural exchange, which all contributed to their development as prosperous ancient cities.