Which statement best describes the process of crossing over?(1 point)
Responses
Pairs of homologous chromatids are divided in half and distributed randomly into new diploid cells.
Pairs of homologous chromatids are divided in half and distributed randomly into new diploid cells.
Homologous chromosomes pair up, and non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material.
Homologous chromosomes pair up, and non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material.
Pairs of homologous chromosomes are divided in half and distributed randomly into new haploid cells.
Pairs of homologous chromosomes are divided in half and distributed randomly into new haploid cells.
Homologous chromatids pair up, and non-sister chromosomes exchange genetic material.
Homologous chromatids pair up, and non-sister chromosomes exchange genetic material.
Question 2
A student is completing a Punnett square for a trait that is complete (simple) dominance. Both parents are heterozygous for the trait (Aa). What is the likelihood that they have an offspring that does NOT have the dominant trait?(2 points)
Responses
0%
0%
25%
25%
50%
50%
75%
75%
Question 3
Which cell is formed by meiosis?(1 point)
Responses
skin cell
skin cell
heart cell
heart cell
Egg cell
Egg cell
red blood cell
red blood cell
Question 4
Humans can have red blood cells that are of type A (IA), type B (IB), or type O (i). These three different alleles can be combined in different ways following Mendel's Laws of Inheritance. The resulting genotypes make either type A, type B, type AB, or type O blood. Type A blood is a combination of either two A alleles (IA IA) or one A allele and one O allele (IAi). Similarly, type B blood is coded for by either two B alleles (IB IB) or one B allele and one O allele (IBi). What pattern of inheritance is human blood type?(1 point)
Responses
polygenic inheritance
polygenic inheritance
multiple alleles inheritance
multiple alleles inheritance
incomplete dominance inheritance
incomplete dominance inheritance
codominance inheritance
codominance inheritance
Question 5
This is the original strand of DNA: ATG AAG TTT GGC TAA. Which option would represent a frameshift mutation due to INSERTION MUTATION?(1 point)
Responses
ATG UAA GTT TGG CTA A
ATG UAA GTT TGG CTA A
ATG AAG TTG GCT AA
ATG AAG TTG GCT AA
ATG AAG TTT CGC TAA
ATG AAG TTT CGC TAA
ATG TTT GGC TAA
ATG TTT GGC TAA
Question 6
How are genotypes and phenotypes related?(1 point)
Responses
Genotypes determine the phenotypes expressed.
Genotypes determine the phenotypes expressed.
Both determine differences in genetic makeup.
Both determine differences in genetic makeup.
Phenotypes determine the genotypes expressed.
Phenotypes determine the genotypes expressed.
Both determine the alleles individuals receive.
Both determine the alleles individuals receive.
Question 7
Do mutations in sex cells contribute to genetic variation?(2 points)
Responses
Yes, the mutations can be passed on to offspring and contribute to variation in the population.
Yes, the mutations can be passed on to offspring and contribute to variation in the population.
No, the causes of sex cell mutations are outside the body and cannot alter DNA.
No, the causes of sex cell mutations are outside the body and cannot alter DNA.
Yes, these sex cell mutations lead to mutations in the somatic cells.
Yes, these sex cell mutations lead to mutations in the somatic cells.
No, the mutations cannot be passed to offspring and only affect the individual.
No, the mutations cannot be passed to offspring and only affect the individual.
Question 8
A garden contains 30 flowers, 15 of which are red. What is the frequency of red flowers?(1 point)
Responses
0.75
0.75
0.25
0.25
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
Question 9
A tall pea plant results from a dominant tall allele while the short phenotype results from two recessive alleles. What is the frequency of short offspring (pp) when a tall pea plant with one tall allele (Pp) is cross-pollinated with a short pea plant (pp)?(2 points)
Responses
0.5
0.5
0.25
0.25
0.75
0.75
1.0
1.0
Question 10
In a moth population, 42 are brown, 20 are yellow, and 54 are black. What is the approximate probability of a moth being black? (Round your answer.)(2 points)
Responses
47%
47%
2%
2%
35%
35%
16%
16%
Question 11
What is the term used to describe any living or nonliving things that influence another living organism?(1 point)
Responses
environmental factors
environmental factors
frameshift mutations
frameshift mutations
distribution
distribution
variation
variation
Question 12
Are mutations always bad?(1 point)
Responses
No, mutations are always helpful.
No, mutations are always helpful.
Yes, mutations always cause problems for an organism, such as genetic diseases.
Yes, mutations always cause problems for an organism, such as genetic diseases.
Yes, mutations always result in death for the organism.
Yes, mutations always result in death for the organism.
No, mutations create variety, which can give some individuals advantages.
No, mutations create variety, which can give some individuals advantages.
Question 13
Epigenetics ultimately affects ____.(1 point)
Responses
gene expression.
gene expression.
DNA shape.
DNA shape.
gene sequencing.
gene sequencing.
DNA replication.
DNA replication.
Question 14
Which statement best describes how radiation causes mutations?(1 point)
Responses
Radiation breaks down DNA bonds, and the cell repairs the bonds incorrectly.
Radiation breaks down DNA bonds, and the cell repairs the bonds incorrectly.
Radiation breaks down DNA bonds, and the bonds remain broken.
Radiation breaks down DNA bonds, and the bonds remain broken.
Radiation triggers DNA replication and splits the complementary base pairs.
Radiation triggers DNA replication and splits the complementary base pairs.
Radiation triggers DNA replication, and the cell produces two identical DNA molecules.
Radiation triggers DNA replication, and the cell produces two identical DNA molecules.
Question 15
Which statement best explains how genetic mutations produce genetic variation?(2 points)
Responses
A population of individuals is hunted to the brink of extinction. The remaining individuals reproduce, and their limited genetics are passed on to the subsequent generations.
A population of individuals is hunted to the brink of extinction. The remaining individuals reproduce, and their limited genetics are passed on to the subsequent generations.
A cell divides twice, forming four gametes, each with unique characteristics due to crossing over and independent assortment.
A cell divides twice, forming four gametes, each with unique characteristics due to crossing over and independent assortment.
A strand of DNA is translated into RNA and a codon is skipped. The protein resulting from the RNA strand is expressed as a new trait.
A strand of DNA is translated into RNA and a codon is skipped. The protein resulting from the RNA strand is expressed as a new trait.
A male and a female with different alleles reproduce to make offspring that have a new combination of genotypes and phenotypes.
A male and a female with different alleles reproduce to make offspring that have a new combination of genotypes and phenotypes.
Question 16
Which term is used to describe a change in a DNA sequence?(1 point)
Responses
genotype
genotype
mutation
mutation
gamete
gamete
meiosis
meiosis
Question 17
Which results in genetic variation in body cells?(2 points)
Responses
mutations caused by environmental factors
mutations caused by environmental factors
errors during gamete DNA replication
errors during gamete DNA replication
meiosis
meiosis
crossing over
crossing over
Question 18
Which statement is the best example of trait variation?(2 points)
Responses
Researchers discover different mouth sizes in two new species of freshwater bass.
Researchers discover different mouth sizes in two new species of freshwater bass.
Researchers discovere that high winter yield is possible in a new species of rice.
Researchers discovere that high winter yield is possible in a new species of rice.
Researchers discovere that gender in two new species of turtles is influenced by temperature.
Researchers discovere that gender in two new species of turtles is influenced by temperature.
Researchers discover differences in leaf thickness between populations of a new oak species.
Researchers discover differences in leaf thickness between populations of a new oak species.
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Pairs of homologous chromosomes are divided in half and distributed randomly into new haploid cells.
Please answer all questions
Question 2:
The likelihood that they have an offspring that does not have the dominant trait is 25%.
Question 3:
Egg cell is formed by meiosis.
Question 4:
The pattern of inheritance for human blood type is multiple alleles inheritance.
Question 5:
ATG UAA GTT TGG CTA A represents a frameshift mutation due to insertion mutation.
Question 6:
Genotypes determine the phenotypes expressed.
Question 7:
Yes, mutations in sex cells can be passed on to offspring and contribute to variation in the population.
Question 8:
The frequency of red flowers is 0.5 or 50%.
Question 9:
The frequency of short offspring (pp) when a tall pea plant with one tall allele (Pp) is cross-pollinated with a short pea plant (pp) is 0.5 or 50%.
Question 10:
The approximate probability of a moth being black is 54 out of a total of 116, which is approximately 46.55%.
Question 11:
The term used to describe any living or nonliving things that influence another living organism is environmental factors.
Question 12:
No, mutations are not always bad. They can create variety, which can give some individuals advantages.
Question 13:
Epigenetics ultimately affects gene expression.
Question 14:
Radiation breaks down DNA bonds, and the cell repairs the bonds incorrectly.
Question 15:
A cell divides twice, forming four gametes, each with unique characteristics due to crossing over and independent assortment.
Question 16:
The term used to describe a change in a DNA sequence is mutation.
Question 17:
Crossing over and errors during gamete DNA replication result in genetic variation in body cells.
Question 18:
Researchers discover different mouth sizes in two new species of freshwater bass is the best example of trait variation.