1. Which statement best describes the process of crossing over?
A. Pairs of homologous chromosomes are divided in half and distributed randomly into new haploid cells
B. Homologous chromosomes pair up and non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material
C. Homologous chromatids pair up and non-sister chromosomes exchange genetic material
D. Pairs of homologous chromatids are divided in half and distributed randomly into new diploid cells
2. A student is completing a Punnett square for a trait that is autosomal and inherited by the dominant allele. The father does not have the trait (xx) but the mother does (Xx). If they had two children, a son and a daughter, what would the completed Punnett square tell you about if the children will have inherited the trait?
A. Each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the trait
B. Both children would inherit the trait
C. One child would inherit the trait and one child would not
D. Both children would not inherit the trait
3. Which cell replicates via meiosis?
A. sperm cell
B. heart cell
C. skin cell
D. red blood cell
4. How are genotypes and phenotypes related?
A. Phenotypes determine the genotypes expressed
B. Both determine the alleles individuals receive
C. Genotypes determine the phenotypes expressed
D. Both determine differences in genetic makeup
5. Do mutations in body cells contribute to genetic variation?
A. No, the causes of body mutations are outside the body and cannot alter DNA
B. No, the mutations cannot be passed to offspring and only affect the individual
C. Yes, the mutations can be passed on to offspring and contribute to variation in the population
D. Yes, these body cell mutations lead to mutations in the gametes
6. A garden contains 40 flowers, 30 of which are red. What is the frequency of red flowers?
A. 0.25
B. 0.5
C. 0.75
D. 1.0
7. A tall pea plant results from a dominant tall allele while the short phenotype results from two recessive alleles. What is the frequency of short offspring (pp) when a tall pea plant with one tall allele (Pp)is cross pollinated with a short pea plant (pp)?
A. 0.25
B. 0.5
C. 0.75
D. 1.0
8. What is the term used to describe any living or nonliving things that influence another living organism?
A. Frameshift Mutations
B. Distribution
C. Environmental Factors
D. Variation
1. B. Homologous chromosomes pair up and non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material
2. A. Each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the trait
3. A. sperm cell
4. C. Genotypes determine the phenotypes expressed
5. B. No, the mutations cannot be passed to offspring and only affect the individual
6. C. 0.75
7. A. 0.25
8. C. Environmental Factors