In an essay supported by evidence and specific examples drawn from across the course time-frame, select what you think are at least seven of the most transformational products, commodities, or technologies of the post 1200
CE that have significantly altered global history. In what ways did they promote global connection and development, ignite transformational revolutions, or even foment colonialism and exploitation? Do you judge your selections as having had mainly a positive impact or have there been unintended negative consequences?
Over the course of history after 1200 CE, there have been several transformative products, commodities, and technologies that have significantly altered global history. These advancements have promoted global connection and development, ignited transformational revolutions, and at times fomented colonialism and exploitation. While some may argue that these developments have mainly had a positive impact, others would point out their unintended negative consequences. The following essay will discuss seven such transformative products and technologies and evaluate their impacts.
Firstly, the printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century, revolutionized the dissemination of information and significantly impacted global history. The printing press facilitated the spread of knowledge and ideas, making books more accessible to a wider audience. This technology promoted global connection by allowing the quick and efficient spread of scientific, literary, and religious works. However, the printing press also played a role in the fomentation of colonialism and exploitation. The printed materials were often used by colonial powers to justify their dominance and perpetuate cultural assimilation.
Secondly, the steam engine, developed in the 18th century, transformed transportation and industry. This technology facilitated the growth of the Industrial Revolution by powering factories and providing faster transportation through the steam-powered locomotive. The steam engine promoted global connection by enabling the transportation of goods over long distances and bringing people together through faster travel. However, the unintended negative consequences of the steam engine included environmental degradation and exploitation of workers, with factories often operating with poor conditions and long working hours.
Thirdly, the telegraph, invented by Samuel Morse in the 19th century, revolutionized communication. The telegraph allowed for instant long-distance messaging and played a crucial role in connecting distant regions of the world. This technology promoted global development by facilitating faster and more efficient communication, allowing businesses and governments to operate more effectively. However, the telegraph also played a role in facilitating colonialism and exploitation as colonial powers utilized this technology for military and administrative purposes.
Another significant transformative product was the rifle, which revolutionized warfare and military tactics. The rifle had positive impacts by increasing the efficiency and accuracy of soldiers during conflicts, but it also had unintended negative consequences. The widespread use of rifles by colonial powers led to the colonization and exploitation of several regions across the world, as superior firepower allowed for the subjugation of native populations.
The automobile, invented in the late 19th century, had a profound impact on global history. The automobile revolutionized transportation and fostered economic development by enabling the movement of people and goods at unprecedented speeds. The automobile facilitated global connection by making travel more accessible and connecting previously isolated regions. However, the unintended negative consequences of the automobile include environmental pollution and dependence on fossil fuels.
Next, the internet, developed in the late 20th century, has transformed the way people communicate, access information, and conduct business. The internet has revolutionized global connection by allowing individuals from different corners of the world to connect instantaneously. It has promoted global development by facilitating e-commerce, online education, and remote work opportunities. However, the internet has also been instrumental in spreading misinformation, facilitating cybercrime, and leading to the erosion of privacy.
Lastly, smartphones have had a transformative impact on global history. These devices have revolutionized communication and connectivity, making information readily available at one's fingertips. Smartphones have connected individuals across the globe, promoting global connection and development. However, they have also brought challenges such as excessive screen time, addiction, and concerns over privacy.
In conclusion, various transformative products, commodities, and technologies have significantly shaped global history after 1200 CE. While they have mostly promoted global connection and development, these advancements have also been associated with unintended negative consequences such as colonialism, exploitation, environmental degradation, and the erosion of privacy. Evaluating their overall impact as positive or negative remains subjective, as it depends on the perspective and context in which they are analyzed.