In three to five sentences, construct an argument that shows why lichens are necessary to establish a new ecosystem after an extreme disturbance. (4 points)
Lichens play a crucial role in establishing a new ecosystem after an extreme disturbance due to their ability to pioneer bare rock or soil. Their ability to grow and survive in harsh conditions enables them to be the first organisms to colonize an area, providing a foundation for other species to follow. Lichens also help in the process of succession by facilitating the accumulation of organic matter, improving soil fertility, and creating microhabitats for other organisms to thrive. As primary producers, lichens contribute to energy production and nutrient cycling, making them essential for the development and stability of a new ecosystem.
