The era of classical management
-scientific management theory
-classical organization theory
-bureaucramatic management theory
-total appraisal of the classical theory
The era of classical management refers to a period in the early 20th century when several management theories were developed and widely accepted. These theories aimed to improve organizational efficiency and productivity.
The first theory in this era is scientific management theory, also known as Taylorism, named after its founder Frederick W. Taylor. This theory focused on improving work processes by using scientific methods to analyze and optimize the tasks performed by workers. It emphasized on time study, work standards, and incentive systems to maximize worker productivity.
The second theory is classical organization theory, which originated from the works of Henri Fayol and Max Weber. Fayol proposed the concept of administrative theory, which emphasized on the principles of management and the functions of managers. Weber developed the bureaucratic management theory, which focused on creating a hierarchical structure within organizations with standardized procedures and clear lines of authority.
The bureaucratic management theory is the third theory in the classical management era. It highlighted the importance of strict adherence to rules and regulations, as well as the division of labor and a hierarchical structure. It aimed to create a system of control and efficiency within organizations.
Overall, the classical management theories provided a foundation for modern management practices. While they have been criticized for their rigidity and lack of flexibility, they laid the groundwork for further developments in management theory and practice.