answer all these questions
• Explain the difference between management & leadership [10]
• Discuss the role of management in any organization of your choice [20]
• Why management aspects mostly lead to business failures [10]
• List any three management approaches you know, from the three choose your best 2 and explain how will use them to make your organisation successful [20]
• Discuss how the 4 management processes contribute to the success of organisations in the 20th century. [20]
• State and explain briefly the 3 managerial roles [6]
• With aid of diagram or illustrations describe accurately with levels the 3 basic skills needed by managers according to H. Fayol. [20]
• Describe challenges facing modern management practices in Botswana [20]
• What is TQM? [10]
• The difference between management and leadership is that management is the process of organizing, planning, and controlling resources to achieve organizational goals, while leadership is the ability to inspire, motivate, and guide others to achieve those goals.
• The role of management in any organization is to set goals and objectives, allocate resources, make decisions, and coordinate activities to ensure the efficient and effective implementation of the organization's strategies. They also oversee and supervise employees, solve problems, and monitor performance.
• Management aspects mostly lead to business failures because of factors such as poor planning, inadequate strategic decision-making, lack of effective leadership, poor communication, ineffective use of resources, and failure to adapt to changes in the market and industry.
• Three management approaches include the classical approach (based on principles of scientific management and bureaucracy), the human relations approach (emphasizing the importance of social interactions and employee satisfaction), and the modern approach (integrating various management theories and practices). Two chosen approaches for making an organization successful could be the modern approach, as it incorporates various contemporary management theories and practices, and the human relations approach, as it focuses on employee satisfaction and engagement, which leads to higher productivity and performance.
• The four management processes (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling) contribute to the success of organizations in the 20th century by providing a framework for effective decision-making, resource allocation, coordination of activities, and monitoring performance. Planning helps set goals and strategies, organizing ensures the optimal allocation of resources, leading motivates and guides employees, and controlling helps monitor and evaluate progress towards goals.
• The three managerial roles are interpersonal, informational, and decisional roles. Interpersonal roles involve interactions with people, including figurehead, leader, and liaison roles. Informational roles involve gathering and sharing information, including monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson roles. Decisional roles involve making choices and taking actions, including entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator roles.
• According to H. Fayol, the three basic skills needed by managers are technical skills (the ability to use tools, techniques, and procedures related to specific jobs), human skills (the ability to work effectively with others and understand their needs and motivations), and conceptual skills (the ability to think abstractly, analyze problems, and see the big picture). These skills are depicted in a diagram with three levels: lower-level managers primarily require technical skills, middle-level managers need a balance of technical and human skills, and top-level managers need a balance of conceptual and human skills.
• Challenges facing modern management practices in Botswana may include globalization and increased competition, technological advancements, changing demographics and workforce expectations, government regulations and policies, environmental sustainability, and the need for innovation and adaptability.
• TQM stands for Total Quality Management. It is a management approach that focuses on continuous improvement, customer satisfaction, and involvement of all employees in the quality improvement process. TQM emphasizes the importance of quality in all aspects of an organization's activities and aims to eliminate defects and waste, enhance productivity and efficiency, and meet or exceed customer expectations.