Predisposing factors of TB
- Weakened immune system: Individuals with a weakened immune system, such as those with HIV/AIDS, diabetes, malnutrition, or certain chronic diseases, are more susceptible to developing TB.
- Close contact with infected individuals: Being in close contact with someone who has active TB significantly increases the risk of contracting the disease.
- Living conditions: Overcrowded and poorly ventilated living conditions, such as in prisons or homeless shelters, increase the risk of transmission.
- Age: Young children and the elderly have a higher risk of developing TB due to weaker immune systems.
- Smoking: Tobacco smoke damages the lungs and weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to TB infection.
- Alcohol or drug abuse: Excessive alcohol or drug abuse can weaken the immune system, making individuals more vulnerable to TB.
- Travel to high TB burden countries: Traveling to or living in countries with a high prevalence of TB increases the risk of exposure to the bacteria.
- Healthcare workers: Individuals in healthcare settings who come into contact with TB patients without proper protection are at an increased risk of infection.
- Occupational exposure: Workers in certain occupations, such as mining, construction, or healthcare, where they are exposed to dust, fumes, or silica, may be at a higher risk of developing TB due to lung damage.
- Socioeconomic factors: Poverty, lack of access to healthcare, and inadequate nutrition can contribute to the spread and severity of TB.