Proteins destined for extracellular release are packaged in specific vesicles. After packaging, the vesicles bud off and are stored in the cell until a signal is given for their release. When the appropriate signal is received they move towards the membrane and fuse to release their contents.%0D%0A%0D%0AOnce proteins have been produced at the ribosomes, what two organelles work together to aid in the secretion process described above?%0D%0AResponses%0D%0A%0D%0A%0D%0AA%09ribosome and ERribosome and ER%0D%0A%0D%0A%0D%0AB%09Golgi apparatus and rough ERGolgi apparatus and rough ER%0D%0A%0D%0A%0D%0AC%09Golgi apparatus and lysosomeGolgi apparatus and lysosome%0D%0A%0D%0A%0D%0AD%09mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum
B%09Golgi apparatus and rough ER
The correct answer is:
B. Golgi apparatus and rough ER
The correct answer is B) Golgi apparatus and rough ER.
To understand why Golgi apparatus and rough ER work together in aiding the secretion process of proteins, it's important to know their functions.
1. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER): This organelle is responsible for protein synthesis. It has ribosomes attached to its surface, which are responsible for translating the genetic code from the DNA into proteins. Ribosomes on the rough ER produce proteins that are destined for secretion or membrane insertion.
2. Golgi apparatus: This organelle is involved in processing, modifying, and sorting proteins. It consists of a series of stacked membrane-bound compartments called cisternae. Proteins produced in the rough ER are transported to the Golgi apparatus for further processing and packaging into vesicles.
The rough ER and Golgi apparatus are connected through a transportation network called the endomembrane system. Here's how they work together in the secretion process:
1. Protein synthesis: Ribosomes on the rough ER produce proteins based on the instructions coded in the DNA. These proteins are specifically synthesized for secretion or to be inserted into the cell membrane.
2. Protein modification: Once the proteins are synthesized, they enter the lumen (inner space) of the rough ER where they undergo modifications, such as folding and the addition of sugars (glycosylation). These modifications help the proteins attain their functional conformation and prevent degradation.
3. Vesicle formation: After modification, the proteins are transported from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles. This transport is facilitated by small transport vesicles that bud off from the rough ER and fuse with the cis face of the Golgi apparatus.
4. Golgi processing and sorting: In the Golgi apparatus, the proteins undergo further processing, such as additional modifications and sorting. The Golgi apparatus modifies the proteins by adding other molecules, such as lipids or other sugars, to further refine their structure and function. The Golgi also sorts the proteins into specific vesicles based on their final destination.
5. Secretion: The Golgi apparatus packages the modified and sorted proteins into vesicles called secretory vesicles. These vesicles are then transported to the cell membrane, where they fuse and release their contents (the proteins) into the extracellular space. This process is called exocytosis.
In summary, the rough ER produces proteins, including those destined for secretion. The Golgi apparatus receives these proteins, processes them further, and packages them into vesicles for secretion. Together, these organelles play a crucial role in the secretion of proteins from the cell.