a) Name five substances which contains organic molecules.
b) Name two chemists not mentioned in this lesson who were involved in the history of organic chemistry.
c) Hydrocarbons are composed of which elements?
d) Name three sources of hydrocarbons on earth.
a) Five substances that contain organic molecules are:
1) Glucose (found in fruits and plants)
2) Ethanol (found in alcoholic beverages)
3) Propane (a component of natural gas)
4) Acetone (found in nail polish remover)
5) Lactic acid (found in sour milk and yogurt)
b) Two chemists not mentioned in this lesson who were involved in the history of organic chemistry are:
1) Emil Fischer (known for his work on the synthesis and study of organic compounds, especially sugars and purines)
2) Robert Burns Woodward (famous for his total synthesis of complex organic compounds, including vitamin B12)
c) Hydrocarbons are composed of the elements carbon and hydrogen.
d) Three sources of hydrocarbons on Earth are:
1) Fossil fuels (such as oil and natural gas) formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals.
2) Volcanic activity, which can release hydrocarbons from the Earth's mantle.
3) Methane (the primary component of natural gas) produced by certain microorganisms in environments such as swamps and landfills.
a) Five substances that contain organic molecules are:
1) Glucose (a sugar)
2) Ethanol (alcohol)
3) Propane (a gas used for heating and fuel)
4) Cellulose (found in plant cell walls)
5) DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, the genetic material)
b) Two chemists involved in the history of organic chemistry, not mentioned in this lesson, are:
1) Friedrich Wöhler (discovered the synthesis of urea in 1828, disproving the idea of vitalism)
2) Gilbert N. Lewis (known for his contributions to the understanding of chemical bonds and his work on chemical thermodynamics and electrochemistry)
c) Hydrocarbons are typically composed of the elements hydrogen (H) and carbon (C).
d) Three sources of hydrocarbons on Earth include:
1) Fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas) formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals.
2) Natural gas deposits (found underground or associated with oil reservoirs).
3) Seeps and oil sands, which occur where petroleum has migrated to the surface or where it is present in a more solid form, respectively.
a) To name five substances that contain organic molecules, we need to understand what organic molecules are. Organic molecules are compounds that primarily consist of carbon atoms bonded with other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and others. Here are five substances that contain organic molecules:
1. Glucose: It is a simple sugar found in many fruits and forms an essential source of energy for living organisms.
2. Ethanol: It is the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages and is also used as a biofuel.
3. Propane: It is a hydrocarbon used as a fuel for heating and cooking.
4. DNA: It is a molecule that carries genetic instructions and is found in the cells of all organisms.
5. Cholesterol: It is a lipid molecule found in animal cells and plays a crucial role in cell membrane structure and hormone production.
b) To name two chemists who were involved in the history of organic chemistry but not mentioned in this lesson, we can consider some prominent figures:
1. Friedrich Wöhler: He is known for synthesizing urea, a naturally occurring organic compound, in 1828. This experiment challenged the belief that organic compounds could only be derived from living organisms, opening the door to the field of synthetic organic chemistry.
2. Emil Fischer: He made significant contributions to the understanding of carbohydrates and proteins. Fischer developed techniques for synthesizing complex organic compounds and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1902.
c) Hydrocarbons consist of only two elements: carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). These compounds exclusively contain carbon and hydrogen atoms and form the basis of organic chemistry.
d) Hydrocarbons on Earth have various sources, including:
1. Fossil Fuels: Oil, natural gas, and coal are derived from the remains of ancient living organisms. Over millions of years, these remains have undergone geological processes such as heat and pressure, converting organic matter into hydrocarbon-rich deposits.
2. Biomass: Organic materials such as wood, crop waste, and other plant-based matter contain hydrocarbons. By converting this biomass through processes like pyrolysis or fermentation, hydrocarbons can be obtained.
3. Methane from Methanogenic Bacteria: Methanogenic bacteria found in environments like marshes, wetlands, and digestive systems of animals produce methane gas through biological processes.
To name three sources of hydrocarbons, we consider these examples. However, it's important to note that hydrocarbons can have various sources and occur naturally in different forms on Earth.