Name and explain two laws/legislations that protect citizen against human trafficking
1) The Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA): This is a U.S. federal law that was enacted in 2000 and reauthorized several times thereafter. It aims to prevent human trafficking in all its forms and to protect victims of trafficking by providing them with support services, legal aid, and other forms of assistance. The TVPA also provides significant funding for anti-trafficking initiatives and requires the U.S. government to produce an annual report on human trafficking worldwide.
2) The Palermo Protocol: Officially known as the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, this international treaty was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2000. It is a supplement to the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and sets out guidelines for defining, preventing, and combating human trafficking. The Palermo Protocol also requires signatory countries to criminalize human trafficking and to protect and assist trafficking victims, especially women and children.
1. Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000: This United States federal law was enacted to prevent human trafficking, prosecute traffickers, and protect victims of trafficking. The TVPA has been reauthorized several times with the most recent being in 2019. The law made human trafficking a federal crime and provided a three-pronged approach to address the issue: prevention, protection, and prosecution. It provides funding and resources for law enforcement and victim support services, establishes penalties for trafficking offenses, and offers legal relief and assistance to victims of trafficking. The TVPA also mandates the annual publication of the Trafficking in Persons Report, where countries are assessed and ranked based on their efforts to fight and prevent human trafficking.
2. Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (2005): This international treaty, also known as the Warsaw Convention, aims to prevent and combat human trafficking and protect the human rights of the victims. It establishes a comprehensive legal framework that covers prevention, investigation and prosecution, as well as assistance and protection for the victims. The convention applies to all forms of trafficking, including sexual exploitation, forced labor, domestic servitude, and organ trafficking, and covers both national and transnational human trafficking cases. It also recognizes the importance of international cooperation in addressing this issue. The convention has been ratified by 47 Council of Europe member states, and it is monitored by the Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (GRETA).