A set of data items is normally distributed with a mean of 60 and a standard deviation of 12. Convert the data item 48 to a z-score.

a
-1
b
-12
c
12
d
1

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David Lane normal distribution

https://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/z_table.html

To convert a data item to a z-score, we use the formula:

z = (x - μ) / σ

Where:
- z is the z-score
- x is the data item
- μ is the population mean
- σ is the population standard deviation

In this case:
- x = 48
- μ = 60
- σ = 12

Plugging in the values into the formula, we get:

z = (48 - 60) / 12

Calculating this, we get:

z = -1

Therefore, the z-score for the data item 48 is -1.

So, the correct answer is option a.