State the effects of over-secretion and under-secretion of somatotrophin,thyroxine,insulin,ADH,oestrogen,testrosterone.
The effects of over-secretion and under-secretion of certain hormones can have significant impacts on the body's overall functioning. Here are the effects of over-secretion (hypersecretion) and under-secretion (hyposecretion) of the hormones you mentioned:
1. Somatotrophin (Growth Hormone):
- Hypersecretion (Gigantism, Acromegaly): Excessive somatotrophin secretion during childhood can result in a condition called gigantism, characterized by excessive growth in height. In adults, excess secretion can cause acromegaly, characterized by enlarged hands, feet, facial features, and organs.
- Hyposecretion (Dwarfism): Insufficient somatotrophin secretion during childhood can lead to dwarfism, characterized by stunted growth and short stature.
2. Thyroxine (T4):
- Hypersecretion (Hyperthyroidism): Excessive secretion of thyroxine can lead to hyperthyroidism, which may cause symptoms such as weight loss, increased heart rate, irritability, anxiety, and heat intolerance.
- Hyposecretion (Hypothyroidism): Inadequate secretion of thyroxine can result in hypothyroidism, which can cause symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, depression, cold sensitivity, and slow heart rate.
3. Insulin:
- Hypersecretion (Hypoglycemia): Excess insulin secretion can lower blood sugar levels too much, causing hypoglycemia. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include dizziness, shaking, confusion, sweating, and fainting.
- Hyposecretion (Diabetes): Insufficient insulin secretion or insulin resistance can lead to diabetes, characterized by high blood sugar levels. Symptoms of diabetes include thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, and blurred vision.
4. ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone or Vasopressin):
- Hypersecretion (SIADH): Oversecretion of ADH can lead to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). This condition causes excessive water retention, leading to hyponatremia (low sodium levels) and symptoms like headache, confusion, seizures, and nausea.
- Hyposecretion (Diabetes Insipidus): Insufficient ADH secretion causes diabetes insipidus, characterized by extreme thirst and excessive urination, leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
5. Oestrogen and Testosterone:
- Hypersecretion: Excess secretion of estrogen or testosterone can lead to hormonal imbalances, which may cause various symptoms depending on the gender affected, such as changes in reproductive functions, mood swings, acne, decreased libido, and abnormal hair growth patterns.
- Hyposecretion: Inadequate secretion of estrogen or testosterone can lead to hormonal deficiencies, resulting in issues like menstrual irregularities, infertility, mood disturbances, decreased bone density, and loss of muscle mass.
It's important to note that the effects mentioned above are generalized, and individual variations or underlying medical conditions can result in different symptoms. Consulting a healthcare professional is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.