State five hormones and the effects of under secretion and under secretion
1. Insulin: Under secretion of insulin leads to high blood sugar levels, causing symptoms of diabetes such as increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. Over secretion of insulin can lead to low blood sugar levels, causing symptoms like dizziness, confusion, and fatigue.
2. Thyroxine: Under secretion of thyroxine (hypothyroidism) leads to a slow metabolism, causing symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, depression, and dry skin. Over secretion (hyperthyroidism) leads to an increased metabolism, causing symptoms like weight loss, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, and sweating.
3. Cortisol: Under secretion of cortisol leads to a condition called Addison's disease, which causes symptoms like fatigue, weight loss, low blood sugar, and low blood pressure. Over secretion of cortisol leads to a condition known as Cushing's syndrome, causing symptoms such as weight gain (particularly around the face and abdomen), high blood pressure, and muscle weakness.
4. Estrogen: Under secretion of estrogen can lead to symptoms like irregular or absent periods, infertility, hot flashes, and mood swings. Over secretion of estrogen can cause symptoms like breast tenderness, irregular periods, bloating, and mood swings.
5. Testosterone: Under secretion of testosterone can lead to symptoms such as low libido, reduced muscle mass, fatigue, and erectile dysfunction. Over secretion of testosterone in females can lead to symptoms such as acne, facial hair growth, deepening voice, and irregular menstruation.