A chemical known as a fertex affects external fertilization of sea urchin eggs. An experiment was set up using three tanks to investigate the effect of fertex. Each tank had a different concentration of fertex: 1%, 2%, and 3%. Ten sea urchin eggs and 2mL of sea urchin sperm were added to each of the three tanks. A fourth tank was set up as a control.
State one example of the type of data that should be collected during the experiment.
Identify the independent variable in the experiment.
State one way to improve the validity of the experimental results.
Identify two factors that must be kept the same in all four tanks.
State one way the contents of the control tank would differ from the contents of the three experimental tanks.
I TRIED THIS AND I DINT UNDERSTAND THIS I NEED HELP PLEASE
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Of course, I'll do my best to help you understand! Let's break down each question one by one:
1. State one example of the type of data that should be collected during the experiment.
- One example of data that should be collected could be the percentage of successfully fertilized sea urchin eggs in each tank after a specific amount of time.
2. Identify the independent variable in the experiment.
- The independent variable is the variable that is intentionally manipulated by the researchers. In this experiment, the independent variable is the concentration of the chemical fertex (1%, 2%, and 3%).
3. State one way to improve the validity of the experimental results.
- To improve the validity of the experimental results, it would be beneficial to repeat the experiment multiple times with different batches of sea urchins. This would help ensure that the results are consistent and not due to random chance or specific characteristics of a particular batch.
4. Identify two factors that must be kept the same in all four tanks.
- Two factors that must be kept the same in all four tanks are the temperature of the tanks and the amount of light exposure they receive. These factors can potentially affect the fertilization process and should be controlled to isolate the effect of the independent variable.
5. State one way the contents of the control tank would differ from the contents of the three experimental tanks.
- The control tank is used as a baseline for comparison, so it would not contain any fertex. Therefore, the contents of the control tank would differ by not having any fertex concentration added to it, unlike the three experimental tanks.
I hope this helps you understand the questions better! Let me know if you have any other questions.
Sure, I can help you with that. Let's break down the questions one by one:
1. Example of the type of data to be collected: One example of data that could be collected during the experiment is the fertilization rate or the percentage of eggs that are successfully fertilized in each of the tanks.
2. Independent variable: In this experiment, the independent variable is the concentration of fertex in each tank. The different concentrations of fertex (1%, 2%, and 3%) are deliberately manipulated to see how they affect the fertilization of sea urchin eggs.
3. Improving validity of results: To improve the validity of the experimental results, it is important to ensure that the tanks are all exposed to the same conditions except for the concentration of fertex. This includes factors like temperature, lighting, and the size of the tanks. Additionally, conducting multiple trials and replicating the experiment can help increase the reliability and validity of the results.
4. Factors that must be kept the same in all tanks: Two factors that must be kept the same in all four tanks are the number of sea urchin eggs (10) and the volume of sea urchin sperm added (2mL). These factors should remain constant across all the tanks except for the concentration of fertex.
5. Difference between the control tank and experimental tanks: The main difference between the control tank and the three experimental tanks is that the control tank does not contain any fertex. It serves as a baseline or reference point to compare against the tanks with the different concentrations of fertex. The control tank should only contain sea urchin eggs and sperm but not the chemical fertex.
I hope this helps clarify the questions for you. Let me know if you have any further queries!
We do not do your homework for you. Although it might take more effort to do the work on your own, you will profit more from your effort. We will be happy to evaluate your work though.
However, this should help.
An independent variable is the potential stimulus or cause, usually directly manipulated by the experimenter, so it could also be called a manipulative variable.
A dependent variable is the response or measure of results.
Extraneous variables — other than the independent variable — potentially can affect the dependent variable, so they must be controlled. If possible, you try to keep them constant between the experimental and control group.
The experimental group receives the independent variable.
The control group is similar to experimental, except it does not receive the independent variable. Extraneous variables are balanced between experimental and control groups.
Types of experiments
1. Single blind gives the control group a placebo — a substance that is inert, it has no physical effect. Subjects don't know if they are in experimental or control group to reduce placebo effect, a change in behavior solely due to believing that you are getting the independent variable.
2. Double blind keeps both subjects and experimenter ignorant of group setup. Distribution of the independent variable and placebo are controlled by third party. This controls for experimenter bias and self-fulfilling prophecy, which means that experimenters with particular expectations are likely to consciously or unconsciously to bias the experiment and influence it to conform to their expectations.
As an example, suppose you want to find out if fluorides reduce dental cavities. You would find two groups, trying to control the extraneous variables. Extraneous variables are found by surveying previous research in the area. In this case, you would match the groups in terms of previous history of cavities, diet and dental hygiene habits including how and how often they brush their teeth.
The experimental group would get toothpaste with the independent variable, the fluoride, while the control group would not have the fluoride in their toothpaste. The toothpaste without the fluoride would be the placebo.
The dependent variable would be the number of cavities after participating in the experiment for a time. The dependent variable indicates the results, but it is not the results. At the end of the experiment, both groups could have no change in cavities or one of the groups could have a greater reduction in cavities. (Of course, if the fluoride increased cavities, you wouldn't want to use it.) All of these varied results would be indicated in terms of the dependent variable.
If only the subjects do not know who is getting the fluoride, it is a single blind experiment. If both the subjects and experimenter do not know, it is a double blind.