It is referred to as resources that are within the reach of the teacher and the students in the teaching and learning process.

These resources can include textbooks, technology, manipulatives, visual aids, instructional materials, and other tools that assist in the delivery of instruction and learning. Teachers rely on these resources to enhance their teaching methods and engage students in the learning process. Students, in turn, utilize these resources to deepen their understanding of concepts, practice new skills, and reinforce their learning. By utilizing instructional resources effectively, teachers can create a dynamic and interactive learning environment that promotes student achievement and success.