Assume that the rock is sedimentary rock and that the layers have not been disturbed by earthquakes or other events.
Compare the anatomies of the fossil in the layers which fossils seem to be of closely related organisms.
By examining the anatomies of the fossils in the layers, we can infer that the fossils seem to be of closely related organisms if they share similar characteristics such as body structure, skeletal features, or other physical attributes. For example, if the fossils in one layer exhibit similar bone structures or appendages, it is likely that they belong to the same species or at least closely related species.
Additionally, the presence of transitional forms or intermediate fossils between two closely related organisms in adjacent layers can also indicate a relationship. Transitional forms may exhibit a mix of characteristics from both species, providing evidence of evolutionary links between them.
By comparing the anatomies of the fossils in the layers and looking for similarities in physical traits, scientists can make educated guesses about the relationships between different organisms and their evolutionary history. This can help to provide a better understanding of the biodiversity and evolutionary processes that have occurred over time.