The image shows flat sedimentary rock layers in the foreground and angled sedimentary rock layers in the background.
According to the principle of original horizontality, what most likely happened to the rock layers in the background?
They cracked at an angle.
They were deposited at an angle.
They were deposited vertically and then shifted by a geologic event.
They were deposited horizontally and then shifted by a geologic event.
According to the principle of original horizontality, the most likely explanation for the angled sedimentary rock layers in the background is that they were deposited horizontally initially and then shifted by a geologic event.
How do scientists use ice to study ancient climates?
A. through Earth's ellipse and ice ages
B. through glacial deposits and ice cores
C. through glacial deposits and ice ages
D. through ice cores and Earth's ellipse
B. Scientists use glacial deposits and ice cores to study ancient climates.
Glacial deposits provide evidence of past glaciations and can indicate the presence of ancient ice sheets. By studying these deposits, scientists can determine the extent and timing of past glaciations and infer information about past climate conditions.
Ice cores, on the other hand, provide a wealth of direct information about ancient climates. By drilling deep into ice sheets, scientists can extract ice cores that contain layers of ice representing different periods of time. These ice layers contain trapped air bubbles, isotopes, and other chemical markers that can provide information about past temperatures, greenhouse gas concentrations, atmospheric composition, and even past levels of pollution.
By analyzing glacial deposits and studying ice cores, scientists can reconstruct ancient climates and gain insights into how the Earth's climate has changed over time.
Which is the first step in the process during the formation of molded fossils?
A. Sediment hardens into rock.
B. Sediment is eroded from rock.
C. Organisms are buried under sediment.
D. Organisms' shapes are preserved in rock.
C. Organisms are buried under sediment.
The first step in the formation of molded fossils is the burial of organisms under sediment. When an organism dies and is quickly covered by sediment, such as mud or sand, it can be protected from decay and potential destruction by scavengers. Over time, with the gradual accumulation of additional layers of sediment on top, the organism can become preserved in the sediment, leading to the formation of a molded fossil.
Which feature causes a gap in the geologic record?
A. extrusion
B. fault
C. intrusion
D. erosion
D. Erosion
Erosion can cause a gap in the geologic record by removing layers of rock or sediment from the Earth's surface. This process can result in the loss of important geological information and create a discontinuity in the sequence of rock layers or formations. Erosion can be caused by various factors such as wind, water, glaciers, or even human activities, and it can lead to the removal of significant portions of the geologic record.