A soil horizon is a layer or zone within the soil profile that has distinct characteristics such as texture, color, structure, organic matter content, and composition. Soil horizons are often designated by letters (O, A, E, B, C, etc.) and are differentiated based on the processes that have occurred in that layer, such as the accumulation of organic matter or the leaching of minerals. Soil horizons are important for understanding soil properties, fertility, and the movement of water and nutrients in the soil.
