Discuss External cuases of agression and provide practical examples.:
1. Weapons effect
2. Mass media
1. Weapons effect: One external cause of aggression is the presence of weapons. Research has shown that the mere presence of weapons can increase aggressive behavior in individuals. This could be due to the perception of power and control that weapons provide, or the belief that using a weapon is necessary for self-defense. For example, in a study conducted by Berkowitz and LePage (1967), participants who were exposed to a gun in a laboratory setting were more likely to administer electric shocks to a confederate than those who were not exposed to a gun.
2. Mass media: Another external cause of aggression is the influence of mass media. The media plays a significant role in shaping attitudes and beliefs, and can portray violence in a way that glamorizes or justifies aggressive behavior. For example, research has shown that exposure to violent video games, television shows, and movies can increase aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in individuals. One example of this is the "Bobo doll" experiment conducted by Albert Bandura in 1961, where children who were exposed to a model behaving aggressively towards a doll were more likely to imitate that behavior themselves.
In conclusion, external factors such as the presence of weapons and exposure to violent media can contribute to aggressive behavior in individuals. It is important to be aware of these influences and take steps to mitigate their impact in order to reduce instances of aggression in society.