There are five basic components of an atomic absorption instrument. List and explain each of them.
1. Light Source: This is typically a hollow cathode lamp that emits light at specific wavelengths corresponding to the elements being measured. The light source emits a specific wavelength of light that is absorbed by the atoms in the sample.
2. Sample Atomizer: The sample atomizer is used to convert the sample into a fine mist of atoms. This can be done through flame atomization (using a flame to convert the sample into atoms) or furnace atomization (heating the sample to a high temperature to convert it into atoms).
3. Monochromator: The monochromator is used to select the specific wavelength of light emitted by the light source that will be used to measure the absorption of the atoms in the sample. This helps to ensure that only the desired wavelength of light is being measured, increasing the accuracy of the analysis.
4. Detector: The detector measures the amount of light that is absorbed by the atoms in the sample. It converts the amount of absorbed light into an electrical signal that can be used to quantify the concentration of the element being analyzed.
5. Data Processor: The data processor takes the electrical signal from the detector and processes it to calculate the concentration of the element in the sample. This data can then be displayed on a screen or printed out for further analysis.