1. List techniques of population data collection? How do these techniques/methods differ
from each other? (3%)
2. List and explain components of population change (population dynamism) and explain
briefly (3%)
3. List type of settlement and explain their basic differences. (2%)
4. Write the level of urbanization in Ethiopia and justify the reasons. (2%)
5. List the roles of mining sector in the Ethiopian economy and the major constraints of the
sector (2%)
6. List and explain basic and general characteristics of Ethiopian Agriculture (2%)
7. List and explain types and characteristics of manufacturing in Ethiopia (2%)
8. Describe the contributions and challenges of transport to the Ethiopian economy (2%)
1. Techniques of population data collection include census, surveys, vital registration, and administrative records. These techniques differ in terms of scope, frequency of data collection, accuracy, and cost involved.
2. Components of population change include births, deaths, immigration, and emigration. Births and immigration contribute to population growth, while deaths and emigration lead to population decline. Population change is influenced by factors such as fertility rates, mortality rates, migration patterns, and government policies.
3. Types of settlement include rural, urban, suburban, and peri-urban. Rural settlements are predominantly agricultural, urban settlements are characterized by higher population density and economic activities, suburban settlements are residential areas on the outskirts of cities, and peri-urban settlements are transitional areas between urban and rural areas.
4. The level of urbanization in Ethiopia is relatively low, with around 20% of the population living in urban areas. This is due to factors such as limited job opportunities in urban areas, lack of infrastructure and services, and a predominantly agrarian economy.
5. The mining sector in Ethiopia plays a significant role in the economy, providing employment, foreign exchange earnings, and revenue for the government. However, major constraints of the sector include inadequate infrastructure, regulatory challenges, limited access to finance, and environmental concerns.
6. Basic characteristics of Ethiopian agriculture include subsistence farming, reliance on rain-fed agriculture, smallholder farming, and a focus on traditional crops such as coffee, teff, and maize. The sector is also characterized by low productivity, limited access to inputs, and vulnerability to climate change.
7. Manufacturing in Ethiopia is diverse and includes industries such as textiles, food processing, cement production, and metal fabrication. The sector is characterized by a growing number of industrial parks, foreign investment, and government support for industrial development.
8. Transport plays a vital role in the Ethiopian economy by facilitating trade, connecting rural areas to urban centers, and supporting economic development. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, poor road conditions, and high transportation costs hinder the sector's potential contribution to the economy.