Write a comprehensive laboratory report including apparatus, chemical, and calculation used in synthesis of n-butyl Acetate
Title: Synthesis of n-Butyl Acetate
Objective:
The objective of this experiment is to synthesize n-Butyl Acetate through the esterification of n-butanol and acetic acid.
Apparatus:
1. Round-bottom flask
2. Reflux condenser
3. Heating mantle/stir plate
4. Thermometer
5. Separatory funnel
6. Glass stirring rod
7. Water bath
8. Beakers
9. Buchner funnel
10. Filter paper
11. Rotary evaporator
Chemicals:
1. n-Butanol
2. Acetic acid
3. Concentrated sulfuric acid
4. Sodium bicarbonate
5. Anhydrous sodium sulfate
6. n-Butyl Acetate (as a reference standard)
Procedure:
1. In a round-bottom flask, mix 100 mL of n-butanol and 50 mL of acetic acid, along with a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst.
2. Attach a reflux condenser to the round-bottom flask and heat the mixture to boiling under reflux for 1 hour.
3. Allow the mixture to cool to room temperature and transfer it to a separatory funnel.
4. Wash the mixture with 50 mL of distilled water and separate the organic layer.
5. Dry the organic layer over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filter it to remove any remaining solid impurities.
6. Transfer the organic layer to a beaker and evaporate the solvent using a rotary evaporator to obtain n-Butyl Acetate.
7. Confirm the synthesis of n-Butyl Acetate by comparing its properties with the reference standard.
Calculations:
The yield of n-Butyl Acetate can be calculated by measuring the mass of the product obtained and dividing it by the theoretical yield based on the amounts of starting materials used.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the synthesis of n-Butyl Acetate was successfully achieved through the esterification of n-butanol and acetic acid. The yield of the product can be determined through calculations based on the experimental data obtained. This experiment demonstrates the process of ester formation and the importance of using proper purification techniques to obtain a pure product.