List and briefly explain the steps as to how the brain becomes addicted to a drug.
1. Initial exposure: The first step in becoming addicted to a drug is the initial exposure to it. This exposure triggers the release of dopamine in the brain, which creates a feeling of pleasure and reinforces the behavior of taking the drug.
2. Repeated use: With continued use of the drug, the brain begins to adapt to the excess dopamine by reducing its natural production of the neurotransmitter. This leads to a decrease in the brain's overall ability to experience pleasure without the drug.
3. Tolerance and dependence: As the brain adjusts to the drug, users may develop a tolerance, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effects. This can lead to physical and psychological dependence, where users feel the need to keep taking the drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
4. Cravings and loss of control: Over time, the brain's reward system becomes hijacked by the drug, leading to intense cravings and a loss of control over drug use. The brain begins to prioritize the drug over other activities and responsibilities, further feeding the cycle of addiction.
5. Neuroplasticity and long-term changes: Chronic drug use can lead to changes in the structure and function of the brain, affecting decision-making, impulse control, and emotional regulation. These changes can make it difficult for individuals to stop using the drug, even when they want to.
6. Relapse and cycle of addiction: Even after periods of abstinence, the brain may retain a susceptibility to relapse due to the enduring changes caused by drug use. This can perpetuate the cycle of addiction, making it challenging for individuals to break free from their dependence on the drug.