How is the life cycle of seedless vascular plants different from the life cycle of nonvascular plants?

Question

How is the life cycle of seedless vascular plants different from the life cycle of nonvascular plants?

The adult form of each seedless vascular plant has xylem and phloem.
The gametophyte stage is lacking in the life cycle of seedless vascular plants.
The sperm of seedless vascular plants do not need to swim in water.
The zygote of each seedless vascular plant forms before the egg is fertilized.

Answer 1

In contrast, nonvascular plants do not have xylem and phloem and rely on diffusion for nutrient transport. They have a prominent gametophyte stage in their life cycle. Their sperm typically need water to swim to the egg for fertilization. The zygote in nonvascular plants forms after fertilization of the egg.