Orphan Trains
B. Haq
Introduction
In the 1850s, thousands of children lived on the streets of New York City. They had become homeless due to many reasons. For some, it was the death of their parents and the absence of extended family to care for them. For others, wretched poverty, parental neglect, or abandonment by poor European immigrants was why they ended up being homeless.
The Orphan Train Movement
Very few orphanages existed at that time. They were usually overcrowded, and the children received minimal food and care. Very often, the children received little or no education in orphanages.
The Orphan Train Movement Timeline
A young minister, Charles L. Brace, was the first to take heed of the plight of homeless youngsters. In 1853, he established the Children’s Aid Society to help these children. Two other institutions, supported by wealthy donors, also stepped forward to help homeless children. They proposed placing these children with foster families throughout the fifty states. The idea was to transport them on trains to other states where they will be taken in by families and given a home. Later, the plan came to be known as the Orphan Train Movement.
Orphan Train, 1904
The Role of Railroads
The network of railroads played a vital role in the movement. Without the network, this plan would not have come to realization, much less conceived. An essential aspect of the plan was to find homes in rural areas where the children would find a clean environment and healthy food. The trains were able to reach far off places to find homes for children and went as far as Canada and Mexico.
Challenges Faced by the Movement
Despite the organizers’ good intentions, the movement faced a host of problems from the get-go. Often, the journey from New York to the destination was quite uncomfortable for the children. They were not told where they were being taken to and for what purpose. Many journeys were several days long.
Most children were taken to the Midwest. Flyers were distributed in towns
Orphan Train Flyerahead of the train arrival. Upon reaching the destination, children were put up on a stage for adults to view and choose them. No legal paperwork was involved.
Families were expected to treat the children like their own. Many children found loving families who cherished them. But for many others, the journey didn’t end on a happy note. Sometimes, siblings were separated because the family didn’t want them all. Some people only came looking for an extra pair of hands to help with chores on their farm.
The End
The movement, spanning 75 years, ended in 1929. More than 200,000 orphans and homeless children found new homes during this time. Brace is considered a pioneer for modern-day foster care programs.
Which of these is the controlling idea of the article?
Responses
A Life for many poor children was difficult in New York in the 1850s, so some families from other states adopted them and raised them as their own children.Life for many poor children was difficult in New York in the 1850s, so some families from other states adopted them and raised them as their own children.
B In the late 19th century, street children from New York were transported by trains to the Midwest and other areas in the country to be cared for by families.In the late 19th century, street children from New York were transported by trains to the Midwest and other areas in the country to be cared for by families.
C In the late 19th century, wealthy people in New York started to move orphans from New York to other parts of the country, so they could grow up in good homes.In the late 19th century, wealthy people in New York started to move orphans from New York to other parts of the country, so they could grow up in good homes.
D In the 1850s, many homeless children were given homes with families that worked on farms in the Midwest and needed help with chores at home and on the farm.In the 1850s, many homeless children were given homes with families that worked on farms in the Midwest and needed help with chores at home and on the farm.