Your family has an old apple tree in your backyard. Your mom loves using the tree’s apples to make pies. You don’t care for apples, but you enjoy reading under the tree’s shade. Which phrase best describes the ecosystem services that the tree provides for you and your mom?

1. only indirect services

2. ethical and aesthetic services and direct services

3. only ethical and aesthetic services

4. indirect services and direct services

4. indirect services and direct services