How does a seismograph record earthquake waves?
A seismograph is an instrument that is designed to detect and record seismic waves caused by earthquakes. It consists of a heavy mass attached to a fixed base. When an earthquake occurs, the ground shakes and the mass remains stationary due to inertia. However, the base moves along with the ground, causing the mass to move relative to the base.
This movement is measured by a pen or stylus that is attached to the mass. The pen records the motion of the mass on a rotating drum or a strip of paper, creating a visual representation of the seismic waves. The seismograph can detect and record the arrival time, amplitude, and frequency of the seismic waves, providing valuable information about the earthquake's intensity and location.