There are several laws that allow for exceptions to copyright infringement, including fair use and the doctrine of first sale. Fair use allows for limited use of copyrighted material for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research without the need for permission from the copyright holder. The doctrine of first sale allows individuals to resell or otherwise dispose of their legally purchased copyrighted works without permission from the copyright holder. Other exceptions include the public domain, which consists of works that are no longer protected by copyright, and licenses such as Creative Commons, which allow for certain uses of copyrighted material without the need for permission.
