List causes of massive splenomegaly with ascites
1. Chronic liver disease: Conditions like cirrhosis, hepatitis, and alcoholic liver disease can lead to portal hypertension and increased blood flow to the spleen, causing splenomegaly and ascites.
2. Spleen disorders: Diseases such as lymphomas, leukemia, myeloproliferative disorders, and infections like malaria and mononucleosis can cause the spleen to enlarge significantly.
3. Congestive heart failure: Severe heart failure can lead to fluid buildup in the abdomen (ascites) and increased blood flow to the spleen, resulting in splenomegaly.
4. Hematologic disorders: Conditions like hemolytic anemia, thalassemia, and sickle cell disease can lead to destruction of red blood cells and subsequent splenomegaly.
5. Lymphatic disorders: Disorders affecting the lymphatic system, such as lymphatic obstruction or lymphomas, can cause both splenomegaly and ascites.
6. Metabolic disorders: Diseases like Gaucher's disease and Niemann-Pick disease can cause abnormal accumulation of substances in the spleen, leading to splenomegaly.
7. Infectious diseases: Severe bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections can cause inflammation and enlargement of the spleen, along with ascites.
8. Autoimmune disorders: Conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and sarcoidosis can lead to immune-mediated inflammation of the spleen and subsequent splenomegaly.
9. Medications: Certain medications, particularly those that affect blood cell production or immune function, can cause splenomegaly and ascites as side effects.