List all chronic liver disease that causes ascites with their pathophysiology
1. Cirrhosis: Cirrhosis is the most common cause of ascites. It is a progressive condition in which healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue, leading to decreased liver function and impaired blood flow through the liver. This results in increased pressure in the portal vein and accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.
2. Hepatitis: Chronic hepatitis, particularly hepatitis B and C, can also lead to ascites. Inflammation of the liver caused by these viruses can impair liver function and lead to increased fluid accumulation in the abdomen.
3. Alcoholic liver disease: Chronic alcohol consumption can cause liver inflammation, fatty liver, and ultimately cirrhosis, which can result in ascites due to impaired liver function and increased pressure in the portal vein.
4. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): NAFLD and its more severe form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), are becoming increasingly prevalent causes of chronic liver disease. Like alcoholic liver disease, NAFLD/NASH can progress to cirrhosis and cause ascites.
5. Autoimmune hepatitis: This chronic liver disease occurs when the body's immune system attacks the liver, leading to inflammation and scarring. in some cases, it can lead to ascites due to decreased liver function and impaired blood flow.
6. Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC): These chronic liver diseases affect the bile ducts, leading to inflammation and scarring that can impair liver function and cause ascites.
7. Wilson's disease: Wilson's disease is a rare genetic disorder that causes copper to accumulate in the liver, leading to liver damage and dysfunction. In some cases, Wilson's disease can cause ascites due to impaired liver function.