List and briefly explain at least 20 differential diagnosis of abdominal distension of 5 month duration in a 10 years old male
1. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) - a chronic condition that affects the large intestine and causes symptoms such as bloating, gas, and abdominal pain.
2. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) - a group of disorders that cause inflammation of the intestines, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
3. Intestinal obstruction - a blockage in the intestines that can cause abdominal distension, pain, and vomiting.
4. Appendicitis - inflammation of the appendix that can cause abdominal pain, fever, and distension.
5. Gastroenteritis - inflammation of the stomach and intestines often caused by a viral or bacterial infection, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and bloating.
6. Constipation - difficulty passing stool, leading to abdominal distension and discomfort.
7. Gastric outlet obstruction - a blockage in the stomach that can cause bloating and vomiting.
8. Lactose intolerance - the inability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products, which can lead to symptoms such as bloating and diarrhea.
9. Pancreatitis - inflammation of the pancreas that can cause abdominal pain and distension.
10. Celiac disease - an autoimmune disorder triggered by consumption of gluten, leading to damage in the small intestine and symptoms such as bloating and diarrhea.
11. Intussusception - a condition where one segment of the intestine slides into another, causing obstruction and symptoms like abdominal distension and pain.
12. Parasitic infections - such as giardiasis or tapeworm infection, which can cause bloating and gastrointestinal symptoms.
13. Hepatitis - inflammation of the liver, which can lead to abdominal distension, jaundice, and other symptoms.
14. Ovarian cysts - fluid-filled sacs that form on the ovaries, causing abdominal bloating and discomfort.
15. Mesenteric ischemia - reduced blood flow to the intestines, leading to abdominal pain, distension, and potentially severe complications.
16. Abdominal tumors - such as neuroblastoma or Wilms tumor, which can cause abdominal distension and other symptoms.
17. Volvulus - a twisting of the intestines that can lead to obstruction and abdominal distension.
18. Malabsorption syndromes - conditions such as celiac disease or pancreatic insufficiency that interfere with the absorption of nutrients, causing bloating and other symptoms.
19. Enlarged lymph nodes - due to infections or lymphoma, which can lead to abdominal distension.
20. Ovarian torsion - a condition where the ovary twists on itself, cutting off blood supply and causing severe abdominal pain and distension.