List and explain the differential diagnosis of breast lump of 1 year duration
1. Fibroadenoma: A common benign breast tumor that typically presents as a small, firm, mobile lump. It is more common in younger women and is usually painless.
2. Cyst: A fluid-filled sac that can develop in the breast. It often presents as a smooth, round, soft lump that may change in size during the menstrual cycle. Cysts are more common in women aged 35-50.
3. Lipoma: A benign tumor made up of fatty tissue. Lipomas usually present as soft, mobile lumps that are easily movable under the skin. They are more common in middle-aged adults.
4. Breast abscess: A painful, localized infection in the breast tissue. It can cause a firm, swollen lump accompanied by redness, warmth, and tenderness. Abscesses can occur in women who are breastfeeding or those with a history of previous breast infections.
5. Phyllodes tumor: A rare type of breast tumor that can be benign, borderline, or malignant. It presents as a firm, fast-growing lump that can be painless or painful. Phyllodes tumors are more common in women aged 40-60.
6. Breast cancer: Although less common in younger women, breast cancer can still occur. It may present as a new lump or thickening in the breast, often associated with other symptoms such as nipple discharge, changes in breast shape, or skin dimpling. A thorough evaluation is necessary to rule out breast cancer.
7. Inflammatory breast cancer: A rare and aggressive type of breast cancer that can cause the breast to appear red, swollen, and warm. It may present with a lump or thickening as well. This type of cancer requires immediate medical attention.
8. Fat necrosis: The death of fatty breast tissue usually caused by trauma to the breast, such as injury or surgery. It can present as a firm, round lump that may be painful or tender.
It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a comprehensive evaluation and diagnosis of any breast lump to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.