what is the mechanism of action of increasing peripheral resistance of verapamil and metoprolol
Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker, meaning it works by blocking calcium ions from entering the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels. This leads to relaxation of the blood vessels and a decrease in peripheral resistance, which ultimately lowers blood pressure.
Metoprolol is a beta-blocker, which works by blocking the effects of the hormone epinephrine on beta-adrenergic receptors. By blocking these receptors, metoprolol decreases the heart rate and cardiac output, leading to a decrease in peripheral resistance and blood pressure.
In summary, verapamil reduces peripheral resistance by blocking calcium ions from entering smooth muscle cells, while metoprolol reduces peripheral resistance by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors and decreasing heart rate and cardiac output.