After the death of Muhammad, the Muslim community split into two factions: the Sunni and Shia. The Sunni believed that leadership should be determined by consensus among the community, while the Shia believed that leadership should be hereditary and passed down through the descendants of Ali, Muhammad's son-in-law. This split led to ongoing tensions and conflicts between the two sects throughout Islamic history. The division continues to shape politics and society in many Muslim-majority countries today.
