Describe the split in the Muslim community caused by Muhammad's death
The split in the Muslim community after Muhammad's death occurred due to differing opinions on who should succeed him as the leader of the Islamic community, known as the caliph. This divide ultimately led to the formation of two major sects within Islam: the Sunni and the Shia.
The majority of Muslims, who became known as Sunnis, believed that leadership should be decided by consensus among the community, and they elected Abu Bakr, one of Muhammad's closest companions, as the first caliph. They believed that the caliph should be a political and religious leader, but not necessarily a direct descendant of Muhammad.
On the other hand, a minority of Muslims, who became known as Shia, believed that leadership should remain within the Prophet Muhammad's family, specifically through his cousin and son-in-law, Ali ibn Abi Talib. They believed that leadership should pass to a descendant of Ali and Muhammad's daughter, Fatimah, who they believed was the rightful heir to the leadership of the Islamic community.
This split in the Muslim community led to ongoing tensions and conflicts throughout Islamic history, as both Sunni and Shia Muslims maintained their separate identities and beliefs. The split continues to influence the religious and political landscape of the Muslim world to this day.