What most likely made this exercise "less of an experiment and more of a demonstration," according to the researchers?
a. The researchers clearly cared less about these results than usual.
b. The language in this presentation is not nearly scientific enough to qualify as an experimental study.
c. This assertion is incorrect – the demo actually does qualify as an experiment, and this was part of the deception.
d. There were no control or experimental groups, and no independent or dependent variables; and the "results" didn't actually pertain to the real purpose of the demo, which was to elicit the Barnum effect.