Visible light does not damage the skin but ultraviolet light can. The image below describes the electromagnetic spectrum.
Which of the following best explains why ultraviolet light damages the skin?
A.
light with a larger wavelength carries more energy
B.
light with a lower frequency carries more energy
C.
light with a less intensity carries more energy
D.
light with a higher frequency carries more energy
D.
light with a higher frequency carries more energy
Ultraviolet light has a higher frequency than visible light, meaning it carries more energy. This higher energy can penetrate the skin and cause damage to cells, leading to effects such as sunburn and skin cancer.
Many birds, such as the male yellow warbler shown below, make complex vocalizations that are unique to their species.
How does making these unique vocalizations most likely help the birds who make them?
A.
It helps the birds more easily locate prey animals such as insects in large ecosystems.
B.
It helps the birds more easily locate water sources in large ecosystems.
C.
It helps adults of different species communicate with one another across long distances.
D.
It helps adults of the same species find members of the opposite sex so that they can reproduce.
D.
It helps adults of the same species find members of the opposite sex so that they can reproduce.
Unique vocalizations in birds, such as songs or calls, are often used for communication with other members of the same species. These vocalizations can help individuals attract mates, establish territories, and maintain social bonds within a group. This is important for reproduction and the survival of the species.
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder caused by a point mutation in the hemoglobin gene of red blood cells. This mutation reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the red blood cells. However, this mutation in the hemoglobin gene also protects the affected individual from malaria.
Which of the following best describes this mutation?
A.
both harmful and beneficial
B.
neither harmful nor beneficial
C.
harmful only
D.
beneficial only
A.
both harmful and beneficial
The mutation in the hemoglobin gene that causes sickle cell anemia is considered both harmful and beneficial. It is harmful because it reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells and can lead to health complications. However, it is beneficial in regions where malaria is prevalent because individuals with sickle cell trait have increased resistance to the malaria parasite. This is an example of balancing selection, where a genetic trait has both positive and negative effects on an individual's fitness depending on the environment.
The diagram below shows a wave.
Which of the following would definitely increase the energy of the wave?
A.
decreasing the amplitude of the wave
B.
increasing the wavelength of the wave
C.
increasing the amplitude of the wave
D.
decreasing the frequency of the wave
C.
increasing the amplitude of the wave
The energy of a wave is directly proportional to its amplitude. Increasing the amplitude of the wave will increase its energy. Therefore, increasing the amplitude of the wave would definitely increase the energy of the wave.
A genetic mutation results in a mouse having whiskers that are slightly darker in color than normal. If the mutation does not impact the survival or reproduction of the mouse, which of the following best describes the mutation?
A.
harmful
B.
beneficial
C.
ancestral
D.
neutral
D.
neutral
If a genetic mutation does not impact the survival or reproduction of an organism, it is considered a neutral mutation. In this case, the mutation resulting in darker whiskers in the mouse does not confer any advantages or disadvantages in terms of survival or reproduction, so it would be classified as a neutral mutation.
Sexual reproduction involves an organism
A.
growing from body parts that are cut or broken off the parent.
B.
replicating its DNA before dividing in half to produce two organisms.
C.
generating an identical offspring on the surface of its own body.
D.
being produced through a unique combination of DNA from two gametes.