4. How does a patient’s brain perceive a light that shines in their eyes? Include concepts such as photreceptors, visual cortex, nerve electrical signal, and rods.
When a light shines in a patient's eyes, the photoreceptors in their retina, specifically the rods and cones, detect the light and convert it into electrical signals. The rods are responsible for detecting light in low levels, such as in dimly lit environments, while the cones are responsible for detecting color and detail in brighter light.
Once the rods and cones have detected the light, they send the electrical signals through the optic nerve to the visual cortex in the brain. The visual cortex is responsible for processing and interpreting the visual information received from the eyes.
The electrical signals are then processed and interpreted by the visual cortex, allowing the patient to perceive the light that is shining in their eyes. This perception is the result of complex neuronal activity in the brain that allows us to make sense of the visual information we receive through our eyes.